steroids

Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone, testosterone.

They come in tablet or liquid form and can be swallowed or injected. Steroids sold illegally may be of poor quality or intended for animal use only.

Steroids are used medically to treat male hormone deficiencies and to build up the body mass of people with medical conditions like HIV. They are used illegally by athletes and body builders:

• to enhance performance
• to increase muscle size

Minor Effects

The minor effects are reversible after stopping steroid use. They include:

• hypertension
• fluid retention
• decreased sex drive
• increased acne
• colds or flu
• early hair loss

People may also become more aggressive and this is known as ‘roid rage'.

Major Effects

Major effects which are not reversible after stopping steroid use include:

• an increase in breast size
• increased chance of heart disease
• altered carbohydrate tolerance
• bicep tear and rupture
• risk of contracting Hepatitis C, HIV and other infections through sharing unclean needles

For women, the effects also include:

• a deepening voice
• increase in facial hair
• an enlarged clitoris
• problems with the regularity of menstrual periods

Adolescents and children who use steroids may stunt their growth permanently.

Taking larger doses of anabolic steroids does not increase their effects. It simply overloads the muscles and may also increase the side effects.

In New Zealand, it is illegal to use steroids without a prescription. Steroid use has also been banned in international sport and athletes can be disqualified if found using anabolic steroids.